Converting sunlight into electricity, and storing it or controlling the back feeding process to the grid is all part of what the main components of a solar photovoltaic system does.
The typical grid-tie system is the most common today.
Solar Panel:
Solar Panels are made of silicon and constitute a group of interconnected photovoltaic cells that directly convert light into Direct-Current (DC) electricity or energy at the atomic level, depending on the light incidence and without an external voltage source.
Inverter:
Appliances in a home run on Alternating Current (AC), but the solar panels produce DC current so there must be a conversion from DC to AC before this produced electricity can be used.
The inverter simply converts one type of voltage to another – in this case DC to AC.
Charge controller and battery:
With no sunlight at night, but with a higher energy demand for non-grid tied installations, some energy produced during the day can be stored in specially designed ‘Deep Cycle Batteries’ for later use.
The controller regulates the amount of energy flowing into a battery at a specific rate/time.
Electric Meter:
These are specially designed meters used in photovoltaic installations to help feed excess electricity to the grid.
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